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Latest crime and justice publications from the AIC

The latest crime and justice publications from the AIC and resources from around the world are now available from our Alert Service. Popular topics can be accessed from the drop down list and wherever possible full text is provided via an Electronic Resource link.
Please feel free to share this with your colleagues and let them know that they can also subscribe to the list.


Newest AIC publications
Court appearances via video link for young people in detention in Queensland (August 2021)
Patterns and predictors of reoffending among child sexual offenders: A rapid evidence assessment (August 2021)
Effective management of serious police misconduct: A machine learning analysis (August 2021)
Predicting prolific live streaming of child sexual abuse (August 2021)
Responding to cybercrime: Results of a comparison between community members and police personnel (August 2021)

 

The latest crime and justice publications from the AIC and resources from around the world are now available from our Alert Service. Popular topics can be accessed from the drop down list and wherever possible full text is provided via an Electronic Resource link.


Newest AIC publications
Court appearances via video link for young people in detention in Queensland (August 2021)
Patterns and predictors of reoffending among child sexual offenders: A rapid evidence assessment (August 2021)
Effective management of serious police misconduct: A machine learning analysis (August 2021)
Predicting prolific live streaming of child sexual abuse (August 2021)
Responding to cybercrime: Results of a comparison between community members and police personnel (August 2021)


Regards
AIC Library
frontdesk@aic.gov.au

Tackling Serious and Organised Crime: Responses to Criminal Digitalisation & Globalisation

Thursday, September 30th 2021

Time of Event: 9:30 AM — 1:00 PM

Place of Event: Webinar

Public Policy Exchange 

Key Speakers

Paddy Tipping, Former Nottinghamshire Police and Crime Commissioner

Unmesh Desai AM, Chair of Police & Crime Committee at London City Hall

Peter Squires, Professor [Emeritus] of Criminology & Public Policy at University of Brighton

Andrew Wallis OBE, CEO of Unseen

 

REGISTER YOUR PLACE

Overview

According to Home Office estimates, Serious and Organised Crime (SOC) costs the UK more than £37 billion per year and includes drug trafficking, human trafficking, organised illegal immigration, high value crimes, organised acquisitive crime and cybercrime. Following the National Crime Agency’s (NCA) 2021 National Strategic Assessment of SOC, two worrying trends can be identified. Firstly, most decreasing offending can be directly attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures; secondly, cybercrime and other online criminal activities are on the rise.

From 2020-21, the NCA’s estimate of individuals engaged in SOC surged from 50,000 to 70,000. Crimes that did actually decrease over this period, such as firearms violence and other forms of physical harm, are expected to return to pre-pandemic levels after lockdown lifts, continuing its upward trend from 2013 to 2019. The increase in drug use during the pandemic also led to the continual expansion of the drug network, exacerbating existing SOCs like county line drug trade and, worse, human trafficking. According to Unseen, criminal exploitation rose by 42% in 2020, and drug-trafficking remains to be one of the most prevalent types of exploitation. As communications technology continues to advance at an unprecedented pace, SOCs and other criminal activities must be reconsidered at an international and digital level. The scale of the recent ANOM arrests should be a testament to the complexity of modern criminal networks.

In response to these challenges, the UK government has introduced several bills this year. The Policing, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill 2021 mandates cross-county cooperation with its ‘Serious Violence partnership’ to detect and investigate organised violent crimes, whereas the Covert human intelligence sources (CHIS) Bill 2021 grants law enforcement Undercover operatives (UCOs) more powers in infiltration campaigns. These attempts to root out the causes and operating capacity of criminal groups are continuations of the “whole system” approach outlined in the 2018 updated Serious and Organised Crime Strategy. On a local level, London mayor Sadiq Khan has invested to expand the Metropolitan Police force and pledges to focus on preventive measures such as the existing DIVERT intervention programme and the Violent Crime Task Force (VCTF). In recent years, there has also been an increase in cooperation between local authorities and community groups (Hackney Gang Intervention Project and Southwark’s SERVE programme). Other enforcement measures, such as police presence in public spaces and the use of stop and search, are similarly strengthened.

However, organisations such as FairTrials and the Criminal Justice Alliance (CJA) have warned that the 2021 Policing Bill might further disadvantage minorities in the criminal justice system, who are already grossly overrepresented. Labour traces this stagnation in tackling SOC to the government’s lacklustre community preventive measures. Moreover, the role of education, youth and prison authorities in the new Serious Violence Partnership scheme remains vague and requires clarity. On the privacy front, the adoption of new technology to tackle violent crimes, including the controversial ANOM infiltration or London Met’s introduction of Neoface, has received myriads of pushback from privacy and human rights groups. The problem is compounded by other factors such as shifting UK-EU relations and economic recovery after the pandemic, which renders the UK more vulnerable to SOCs than at any time in recent history. 

In light of these developments, this timely symposium will offer police officers, community safety partnerships, local safeguarding boards and other key stakeholders, with a timely and invaluable opportunity to exchange ideas, share best practice and develop innovative strategies to effectively respond to the growing risks associated with Serious and Organised Crime.

Program

  • Review the state of Serious and Organised Crimes (SOCs) in the UK and responses by the government
  • Understand the effects of Covid-19 and Brexit on criminal activity in the UK
  • Analyse the effectiveness of the UK government’s current strategies and methods in tackling violent SOCs
  • Examine the role of local community groups and the private sector in tackling SOCs
  • Rethink financial and economic crimes in the context of a “Whole-System Approach” to SOCs
  • Discuss the concerns of privacy and surveillance raised by the general public
  • Identify key priorities for future national strategies
  • Evaluate new technologies and innovations that can effectively address SOCs

Who Should Attend?

  • Regional Organised Crime Units
  • Serious and Organised Crime Local Partnerships
  • Police Service
  • Police and Crime Commissioners
  • Serious and Organised Crime Officers and Advisers
  • Community Safety Partnerships
  • Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships
  • Multi-Agency Safeguarding Hubs
  • Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences
  • Offender Management Services
  • Fraud Prevention Teams
  • Revenue and Customs Prosecutions Teams
  • E-crime Teams
  • Local Criminal Justice Boards
  • Prison and Probation Services
  • Crown Prosecution Service
  • Criminal Justice Practitioners
  • Victim Support Services
  • Victim Care/Advocacy Organisations
  • Neighbourhood Policing Teams
  • Youth Offending Teams
  • Youth Justice Boards
  • Health and Wellbeing Board
  • Local Safeguarding Boards
  • Immigration Enforcement Teams
  • Human Trafficking Teams
  • Troubled Families Teams
  • Local Safeguarding Children Boards
  • Community Cohesion Officers
  • Community Engagement Officers
  • Third Sector Practitioners
  • Academics, Analysts and Researchers

REGISTER YOUR PLACE

 

AIC: New study identifies cyber strategies with the potential to identify and protect victims of child abuse material

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New study identifies cyber strategies with the potential to identify and protect victims of child abuse material

The Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) has today released a paper that identifies cyber strategies that have the potential to identify victims of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) and detect offenders.

Cyber strategies used to combat child sexual abuse material reviews existing research on cyber strategies to disrupt and prevent CSAM offending.

The study identified five key cyber strategies: peer-to-peer network monitoring; automated CSAM detection tools; web crawlers; pop-up warning messages; and facial recognition.

AIC Deputy Director Dr Rick Brown said these strategies also have the potential to automate the removal of large amounts of CSAM, identify CSAM sites for detection and prevent individuals from viewing and sharing the material.

“During National Child Protection Week, this is incredibly hopeful news, and puts us one step closer to improving our understanding of an extremely serious and harmful form of crime against our most vulnerable children.

“The automated nature of these identified strategies is particularly important given the demands placed on law enforcement by the dramatic growth in CSAM,” Dr Brown said.

The report is available at https://doi.org/10.52922/ti78313

This research was undertaken by the University of the Sunshine Coast as part of the AIC’s Child Sexual Abuse Material Reduction Research Program. The program was funded through a grant made under Section 298 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Cth).

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Copyright © 2021 Australian Institute of Criminology, All rights reserved.

 https://www.aic.gov.au/privacy



 

Webinar: Combatting Knife Crime: Making Communities Safer & Working in Partnership to Tackle Serious Youth Violence

1

Knife crime is at its highest recorded level in the past 10 years, with 46,000 offences involving a knife or sharp instrument in England and Wales in the year ending March 2020. During the COVID-19 lockdown period, police have recorded rises in knife crime and youth violence throughout many parts of the UK. Of further concern is that in 2020, the number of ‘children in need’ assessments that identified gangs as a factor increased by 34%.

In an effort to combat this sharp rise in knife crime, on 4 February 2021, the government published a total police funding settlement of up to £15.8 billion in 2021/22, an increase of up to £636 million compared to 2020/21. The government have also introduced the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill in March this year, seeking to increase minimum sentencing for certain offences, introduce provisions for the management of offenders, including new targeted stop and search powers for the police targeting knife crime offenders. In particular, Serious Violence Reduction Orders (SVROs) aim to implement the government’s manifesto commitment to target known knife carriers, making it easier for officers to stop and search those previously convicted of a knife crime. This seeks to help the police target those most at risk of being drawn into serious violence, deter offenders from carrying weapons, and “set them on a more positive path” (Home Office, 2021).

While there has been growing cross-party consensus supporting early intervention projects and treating knife crime as a public health problem, the British Youth Council have criticised the government’s recent effort to combat knife crime as a “punitive approach”. The decision to address knife crime primarily with hard powers has also led Kevin Blowe of the Network for Police Monitoring (Netpol) to argue that the proposals risk “creating a class of people who are treated as ‘permanent criminals’ – or who are regularly misidentified as such”. Critics of the the Bill suggest that tackling knife crime from a public health or social problem has been replaced by a tougher criminal stance.

Furthermore, campaign groups such as Liberty Human Rights have highlighted concerns that communities of colour are already searched at significantly higher rates, with black people 8.9 times more likely to be subject to a stop and search than their white peers. The Home Office itself has conceded that a disproportionate number of black males will be impacted by SVROs, however little effort has been made to remedy this, with the Home Secretary stating that “the government’s number one job is to keep our people safe”. Criticism of this approach is supported by the British Youth Council, who have urged a roll back of stop and search powers “until the disproportionate targeting of black males has been addressed”. Campaigners argue that long-term studies, including one of Metropolitan Police data, show that stop and search has only a marginal impact on crime reduction.

Bernado’s have also raised concerns for the ‘hidden’ children of the pandemic who may be more vulnerable to exploitation. They have called for the Bill to be amended to introduce a statutory definition of ‘criminal exploitation’ to help identify victims and make sure they are supported appropriately.

In reflection of the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill and increase in funding programmes to tackle knife-crime, this symposium offers an insightful opportunity for practitioners across the police service, education, health and third sector to examine the Government’s latest strategies to tackle serious youth crime, share best practice and consider the next steps in confronting knife crime, to reduce the level of violence on our streets. Delegates will also explore how to implement a coordinated early intervention approach to identify those most vulnerable; divert young people away from crime and build more positive futures.

Program

  • Assess the impact of Covid-19 on the spread of knife crime and the increasing number of vulnerable young people being exploited as a result
  • Consider how to better identify and support children and young people at risk of committing a knife-related crime
  • Discuss alternative ways to make communities safer, such as that from a public health perspective, or more innovative early intervention solutions
  • Examine concerns with the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill, and whether it will succeed in its aim of tackling knife crime
  • Consider the impact that an increase in police stop and search powers will have on relationships between the public and police
  • Discuss whether the government’s strategy addresses the root causes of knife crime and develop an understanding of what a long-term strategy may look like
  • Explore collaborative opportunities and discuss better preventative measures

To register for the briefing, please click here.

 

AIC: New research reveals the different recorded offending trajectories among individuals involved in Australian organised crime.

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New research reveals the different recorded offending trajectories among individuals involved in Australian organised crime.

  • Four groups were identified that differed in terms of their onset, peak and frequency of offending. Groups also differed in offending versatility, seriousness and escalation.
  • There was a large group of late-onset offenders. These are individuals who do not have any involvement with the criminal justice system until relatively late in life.
  • There were different pathways into organised crime offending, including serious drug trafficking offences, which reflect the different recruitment pathways.


Read: Organised crime and criminal careers: Findings from an Australian sample
 

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Copyright © 2021 Australian Institute of Criminology, All rights reserved.

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Cutting Crime Impact: Invitation: "Designing Security Futures" Conference | 24-25 November, Brussels

 
 

On 24 and 25 November 2021 at Le Bouche à Oreille, in the heart of Brussels, for Designing Security Futures - the final conference of the EU-funded Cutting Crime Impact (CCI) project.

 

CCI enabled six law enforcement agencies (LEAs) to adopt a human-centred innovation process for researching, defining, developing and demonstrating practical solutions to real problems facing police, their partners and citizens.

 

Designing Security Futures attendees will learn about adopting a human-centred innovation approach in the security context. Speakers will explore how the approach:

 

Enables problem framing – so the right problem is being tackled

Ensures feasibility – so solutions perform as intended

Improves implementation – so solutions suit the identified user group and context — be they police officers, policymakers or citizens.

 

Designing Security Futures explores and discusses the results of CCI with presentations of the eight Tools developed by LEA project partners.

 

Designing Security Futures addresses security policy at the EU, state and local levels, introducing a new and extended European Security Model. Policy papers will be launched in four areas: (i) Predictive Policing; (ii) Community Policing; (iii) Crime Prevention through Urban Design & Planning (CP-UDP); and (iv) Citizens' feelings of insecurity.

 

This event will include presentations, discussions and workshops exploring human-centred approaches to innovating security solutions and ways of integrating different strategies across EU contexts.

 

Webinar: Combatting Knife Crime: Making Communities Safer & Working in Partnership to Tackle Serious Youth Violence

Tuesday, October 5th 2021

9:30 AM — 1:00 PM

Key Speakers

Bruce Houlder CB QC DL, Founder of Greater London Knife Crime Initiative

Joe Raby, Gangs and Violence Reduction Manager at Catch22 Justice

Dr Megan McElhone, Lecturer in Criminology at Birkbeck, University of London

Patrick Green, CEO of The Ben Kinsella Trust

Peter Squires, Professor [Emeritus] of Criminology & Public Policy at University of Brighton

 

 

Knife crime is at its highest recorded level in the past 10 years, with 46,000 offences involving a knife or sharp instrument in England and Wales in the year ending March 2020. During the COVID-19 lockdown period, police have recorded rises in knife crime and youth violence throughout many parts of the UK. Of further concern is that in 2020, the number of ‘children in need’ assessments that identified gangs as a factor increased by 34%.

In an effort to combat this sharp rise in knife crime, on 4 February 2021, the government published a total police funding settlement of up to £15.8 billion in 2021/22, an increase of up to £636 million compared to 2020/21. The government have also introduced the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill in March this year, seeking to increase minimum sentencing for certain offences, introduce provisions for the management of offenders, including new targeted stop and search powers for the police targeting knife crime offenders. In particular, Serious Violence Reduction Orders (SVROs) aim to implement the government’s manifesto commitment to target known knife carriers, making it easier for officers to stop and search those previously convicted of a knife crime. This seeks to help the police target those most at risk of being drawn into serious violence, deter offenders from carrying weapons, and “set them on a more positive path” (Home Office, 2021).

While there has been growing cross-party consensus supporting early intervention projects and treating knife crime as a public health problem, the British Youth Council have criticised the government’s recent effort to combat knife crime as a “punitive approach”. The decision to address knife crime primarily with hard powers has also led Kevin Blowe of the Network for Police Monitoring (Netpol) to argue that the proposals risk “creating a class of people who are treated as ‘permanent criminals’ – or who are regularly misidentified as such”. Critics of the the Bill suggest that tackling knife crime from a public health or social problem has been replaced by a tougher criminal stance.

Furthermore, campaign groups such as Liberty Human Rights have highlighted concerns that communities of colour are already searched at significantly higher rates, with black people 8.9 times more likely to be subject to a stop and search than their white peers. The Home Office itself has conceded that a disproportionate number of black males will be impacted by SVROs, however little effort has been made to remedy this, with the Home Secretary stating that “the government’s number one job is to keep our people safe”. Criticism of this approach is supported by the British Youth Council, who have urged a roll back of stop and search powers “until the disproportionate targeting of black males has been addressed”. Campaigners argue that long-term studies, including one of Metropolitan Police data, show that stop and search has only a marginal impact on crime reduction.

Bernado’s have also raised concerns for the ‘hidden’ children of the pandemic who may be more vulnerable to exploitation. They have called for the Bill to be amended to introduce a statutory definition of ‘criminal exploitation’ to help identify victims and make sure they are supported appropriately.

In reflection of the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill and increase in funding programmes to tackle knife-crime, this symposium offers an insightful opportunity for practitioners across the police service, education, health and third sector to examine the Government’s latest strategies to tackle serious youth crime, share best practice and consider the next steps in confronting knife crime, to reduce the level of violence on our streets. Delegates will also explore how to implement a coordinated early intervention approach to identify those most vulnerable; divert young people away from crime and build more positive futures.

Program

  • Assess the impact of Covid-19 on the spread of knife crime and the increasing number of vulnerable young people being exploited as a result
  • Consider how to better identify and support children and young people at risk of committing a knife-related crime
  • Discuss alternative ways to make communities safer, such as that from a public health perspective, or more innovative early intervention solutions
  • Examine concerns with the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill, and whether it will succeed in its aim of tackling knife crime
  • Consider the impact that an increase in police stop and search powers will have on relationships between the public and police
  • Discuss whether the government’s strategy addresses the root causes of knife crime and develop an understanding of what a long-term strategy may look like
  • Explore collaborative opportunities and discuss better preventative measures

To register for the briefing, please click here.

 

virtual conference: Join Taking the Call, the first national conference exploring innovations in crisis response

 

Join Taking the Call, the first national conference exploring innovations in crisis response

 

Featuring over 50 speakers from across the U.S., the virtual conference will explore how communities are reducing law enforcement contact and connecting people to care

 

Wednesday, October 20 and Thursday, October 21, 2021

Register Now

 

Taking the Call is free and open to the public, and will be presented virtually October 20 and October 21, 2021. Pre-registration is required. The event livestream will also be accessible at takingthecall.csgjusticecenter.org/ and on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. Viewers can join the conversation by following #TakingTheCall.

 

The conference will explore how communities across the U.S. are launching new responses to emergency calls that help reduce law enforcement contact and connect people in need to appropriate health services. It is presented by the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Assistance, the CSG Justice Center, and the University of Cincinnati. 
 
The conference will feature over a dozen plenary and breakout sessions led by community leaders from across the U.S., as well as team discussions. Day one will highlight leaders advancing crisis system reforms, including representatives from the Wichita (KS) Police Department, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, CAHOOTS program in Eugene, OR, and the Newark (NJ) Community Street Team. Day two will feature a discussion of federal resources to support the development of crisis systems, including representatives from the Miami-Dade (FL) County Court, U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 
 
The conference will also include breakout sessions with representatives from over 50 international, national, and community-based organizations, including the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, and many more. Breakout sessions will cover a range of topics, such as triaging 911 calls, training community responder teams, and engaging community members. 
 
A detailed agenda of conference sessions, panelists, and keynote speakers is available on the conference website, takingthecall.csgjusticecenter.org/. The conference agenda will be updated as additional speakers are announced in the coming weeks.  

 

Taking the Call: A National Conference Exploring Innovative Community Responder Models 
Dates: Wednesday, October 20–Thursday, October 21, 2021
Time: 12:00 p.m.–5:30 p.m. ET
Location: takingthecall.csgjusticecenter.org/
 

 

Register Now

Webinar: Tackling Serious and Organised Crime: Responses to Criminal Digitalisation & Globalisation

Time of Event: 9:30 AM — 1:00 PM

Key Speakers

Paddy Tipping, Former Nottinghamshire Police and Crime Commissioner

Unmesh Desai AM, Chair of Police & Crime Committee at London City Hall

Keith Ditcham, Senior Research Fellow, Organised Crime and Policing at RUSI

Peter Squires, Professor [Emeritus] of Criminology & Public Policy at University of Brighton

Graham Brooks, Professor in Criminology and Anti-Corruption at the University of West London

 

REGISTER YOUR PLACE

 

According to Home Office estimates, Serious and Organised Crime (SOC) costs the UK more than £37 billion per year and includes drug trafficking, human trafficking, organised illegal immigration, high value crimes, organised acquisitive crime and cybercrime. Following the National Crime Agency’s (NCA) 2021 National Strategic Assessment of SOC, two worrying trends can be identified. Firstly, most decreasing offending can be directly attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures; secondly, cybercrime and other online criminal activities are on the rise.

From 2020-21, the NCA’s estimate of individuals engaged in SOC surged from 50,000 to 70,000. Crimes that did actually decrease over this period, such as firearms violence and other forms of physical harm, are expected to return to pre-pandemic levels after lockdown lifts, continuing its upward trend from 2013 to 2019. The increase in drug use during the pandemic also led to the continual expansion of the drug network, exacerbating existing SOCs like county line drug trade and, worse, human trafficking. According to Unseen, criminal exploitation rose by 42% in 2020, and drug-trafficking remains to be one of the most prevalent types of exploitation. As communications technology continues to advance at an unprecedented pace, SOCs and other criminal activities must be reconsidered at an international and digital level. The scale of the recent ANOM arrests should be a testament to the complexity of modern criminal networks.

In response to these challenges, the UK government has introduced several bills this year. The Policing, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill 2021 mandates cross-county cooperation with its ‘Serious Violence partnership’ to detect and investigate organised violent crimes, whereas the Covert human intelligence sources (CHIS) Bill 2021 grants law enforcement Undercover operatives (UCOs) more powers in infiltration campaigns. These attempts to root out the causes and operating capacity of criminal groups are continuations of the “whole system” approach outlined in the 2018 updated Serious and Organised Crime Strategy. On a local level, London mayor Sadiq Khan has invested to expand the Metropolitan Police force and pledges to focus on preventive measures such as the existing DIVERT intervention programme and the Violent Crime Task Force (VCTF). In recent years, there has also been an increase in cooperation between local authorities and community groups (Hackney Gang Intervention Project and Southwark’s SERVE programme). Other enforcement measures, such as police presence in public spaces and the use of stop and search, are similarly strengthened.

However, organisations such as FairTrials and the Criminal Justice Alliance (CJA) have warned that the 2021 Policing Bill might further disadvantage minorities in the criminal justice system, who are already grossly overrepresented. Labour traces this stagnation in tackling SOC to the government’s lacklustre community preventive measures. Moreover, the role of education, youth and prison authorities in the new Serious Violence Partnership scheme remains vague and requires clarity. On the privacy front, the adoption of new technology to tackle violent crimes, including the controversial ANOM infiltration or London Met’s introduction of Neoface, has received myriads of pushback from privacy and human rights groups. The problem is compounded by other factors such as shifting UK-EU relations and economic recovery after the pandemic, which renders the UK more vulnerable to SOCs than at any time in recent history.

In light of these developments, this timely symposium will offer police officers, community safety partnerships, local safeguarding boards and other key stakeholders, with a timely and invaluable opportunity to exchange ideas, share best practice and develop innovative strategies to effectively respond to the growing risks associated with Serious and Organised Crime.

Program

  • Review the state of Serious and Organised Crimes (SOCs) in the UK and responses by the government
  • Understand the effects of Covid-19 and Brexit on criminal activity in the UK
  • Analyse the effectiveness of the UK government’s current strategies and methods in tackling violent SOCs
  • Examine the role of local community groups and the private sector in tackling SOCs
  • Rethink financial and economic crimes in the context of a “Whole-System Approach” to SOCs
  • Discuss the concerns of privacy and surveillance raised by the general public
  • Identify key priorities for future national strategies
  • Evaluate new technologies and innovations that can effectively address SOCs

To register for the briefing, please click here.