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Practitioners working in prisons and probation deal with people who have acted on a violent extremist ideology, as well as individuals at risk of radicalisation. Arrests on suspicion of Jihadist terrorism account for the largest proportion of arrests in the EU in recent years.

Prison and probation interventions aim to ensure security and safety (for the offender(s) in question, staff, other offenders and society at large), and to support offender rehabilitation and reintegration into society.

This approach is based on the following principles:

◾offenders' well-being and rehabilitation must be promoted to ensure safety; ◾individuals sentenced for terrorist acts do not all pose the same risk to society;

◾offenders are capable of positive change, and need support to disengage from extremism;

◾universal human rights must be upheld at all times;

◾positive staff-prisoner relationships and healthy prison settings are important; ◾multi-agency cooperation is crucial.